The government of Estonia has approved a new package of defense legislation aimed at strengthening national security, with a particular focus on countering the growing threat posed by drones and hybrid risks.
The measures establish a clearer division of responsibilities between civilian and military authorities when responding to drone-related incidents. During peacetime, law enforcement agencies will take the lead in addressing unauthorized or potentially dangerous drone activity, while the military will be responsible for handling hostile or military-grade drones. Both sides will be able to coordinate joint responses when required.
The government also plans to expand its drone detection and mitigation capabilities between 2026 and 2027. This includes procuring systems designed to identify and neutralize drones, as well as deploying an acoustic monitoring network focused on detecting low-flying objects. The network will initially cover eastern and northern regions, with nationwide low-altitude detection expected by the end of 2027.
In parallel, amendments to the Defence Forces Act have been approved to broaden the military’s role in responding to hybrid threats. These are defined as complex situations that may involve both military and non-military elements. The changes allow for the possible involvement of allied forces in scenarios such as large-scale migration-related emergencies.
The legislation also updates definitions of security zones and expands military authority in surrounding areas, including the ability to regulate maritime traffic during periods of heightened threat.
Under the new framework, the Estonian Defence Forces will gain additional powers to support national security operations. These include the authority to verify identities, conduct interviews and, in certain circumstances, detain individuals or seize property.
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